Diet Research Studies List

A list of diet studies typically a diet study comparing a low fat diet to a low carbohydrate diet or control diet and possibly other diets such as a Mediterranean-style diet, high glycemic diet or low glycemic diet.  [To be expanded over time].

Bouché C, Rizkalla SW, Luo J et al. (May 22, 2002). Five-week, low-glycemic index diet decreases total fat mass and improves plasma lipid profile in moderately overweight nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care 25(5):822-828.

Sondike SB, Copperman N, Jacobson MS. (March 2003). Effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics  142(3):253-258.

Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D’Alessio D. (April 2003). A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88(4):1617-1623.

Samaha, Frederick F. et al. (May 22, 2003). A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine 348(21): 2074–2081.

Foster, Gary D. et al. (May 22, 2003). A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity. New England Journal of Medicine 348(21): 2082–2090.

Greene P, Willett W, Devecis J, Skaf A. (2003). Pilot 12-week feeding weight loss comparison: low-fat vs. low-carbohydrate (ketogenic) diets. Obesity Research 11:A23.

Yancy, William S. Jr., Olsen, Maren K., Guyton, John R., et al. (May 18, 2004). A Low-Carbohydrate, Ketogenic Diet versus a Low-Fat Diet To Treat Obesity and Hyperlipidemia. Annals of Internal Medicine 140(10):769–777.

Stern, Linda, Iqbal N., Seshadri P., et al. (May 18, 2004). The Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Conventional Weight Loss Diets in Severely Obese Adults: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial.Annals of Internal Medicine 140(10):778-785.

Romieu, Isabelle,  Lazcano-Ponce E., Sanchez-Zamorano L.M., et al. (August 2004). Carbohydrates and the Risk of Breast Cancer among Mexican Women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 13:1283-1289.

Aude, Yamil W., Agatston, A.S., Lopez-Jimenez F., et al. (October 25, 2004). The National Cholesterol Education Program Diet vs a Diet Lower in Carbohydrates and Higher in Protein and Monounsaturated Fat. Archives of Internal Medicine 164(19):2141-2146.

Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB and Herrington DM. (November 2004). Dietary fats, carbohydrate, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition  80(5):1175–1184.

Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Gómez AL, et al. (November 8, 2004). Comparison of energy-restricted very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on weight loss and body composition in overweight men and women. Nutrition & Metabolism 1:13.

Pereira MA, Swain J, Goldfine AB, Rifai N, and Ludwig DS. (November 24, 2004). Effect of low-glycemic diet on resting energy expenditure and heart disease risk factors during weight loss. Journal of the American Medical Association 292(20):2482-2490. 

Ma, Yunsheng, Olendzki B., Chiriboga D., et al. (2005). Association between Dietary Carbohydrates and Body Weight. American Journal of Epidemiology 161(4):359–367.

Nickols-Richardson, SM, Coleman MD, Volpe JJ, and Hosig KW.  (September 2005). Perceived Hunger Is Lower and Weight Loss Is Greater in Overweight Premenopausal Women Consuming a Low-Carbohydrate/High-Protein vs High-Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105(9):1433-1437.

Yancy, William S. Jr., Foy M., Chalecki A.M., et al. (December 1, 2005). A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes. Nutrition and Metabolism 2(1):34.

Daly, ME, Paisey R, Paisey R, et al. (January 2006). Short-term effects of severe dietary carbohydrate-restriction advice in Type 2 diabetes—a randomized controlled trial. Diabetic Medicine 23(1):15-20.

Johnston, C.S., Tjonn, S., Swan, P.D., White A., Hutchins H., and Sears B. (May 2006). Ketogenic low-carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets. American Journal of  Clinical Nutrition 83(5):1055-1061.

Nielsen, Jørgen Vesti and Eva Joensson. (June 14, 2006). Low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes. Stable improvement of bodyweight and glycemic control during 22 months follow-up. Nutrition and Metabolism 3(1):22.

Bravi, Francesca,  Bosetti C, Scotti L, et al. (October 20, 2006). Food Groups and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study from Italy. International Journal of Cancer 120(3):681–685.

McClernon FJ, Yancy WS Jr, Eberstein JA, Atkins RC, and Westman EC. (January 2007). The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms. Obesity (Silver Spring) 15(1):182–187.

Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Feldman HA, Lovesky MM, and Ludwig DS. (May 16, 2007). Effects of a low–glycemic load vs. low-fat diet in obese young adults. Journal of the American Medical Association 297(19):2092-2102.

Halyburton AK, Brinkworth GD, Wilson CJ, et al. (September 2007). Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86(3):580-587.

White AM, Johnston CS, Swan PD, Tjonn SL, and Sears B. (October 2007). Blood ketones are directly related to fatigue and perceived effort during exercise in overweight adults adhering to low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss: A pilot study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 107(10):1792-1796.

Dyson PA, Beatty S and Matthews DR. (December 2007). A low-carbohydrate diet is more effective in reducing body weight than healthy eating in both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Diabetic Medicine 24(12):1430–1435.

Tay J, Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, et al. (January 2008). Metabolic Effects of Weight Loss on a Very-Low-Carbohydrate Diet Compared With an Isocaloric High-Carbohydrate Diet in Abdominally Obese Subjects . Journal of the American College of Cardiology  51(1):59–67.

Keogh JB, Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, et al. (March 2008). Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87(3):567-576.

Westman EC, Yancy WS, Mavropoulos JC, Marquart M and McDuffie JR. (December 19, 2008).
The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition and Metabolism 5:36.

Volek JS, Phinney SD, Forsythe CE, et al. (April 2009). Carbohydrate Restriction has a More Favorable Impact on the Metabolic Syndrome than a Low Fat Diet. Lipids 44(4):297-309.

Brinkworth GD, Noakes M, Buckley JD, et al. (July 2009). Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90(1):23-32.

Hernandez TL, Sutherland JP,  Wolfe P, et al. (March 2010). Lack of suppression of circulating free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia during weight loss on a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91(3):578-585.

Krebs NF, Gao D, Gralla J, et al. (August 2010). Efficacy and Safety of a High Protein, Low Carbohydrate Diet for Weight Loss in Severely Obese Adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics 157(2):252-258.

Ebbeling CB, Swain JF, Feldman HA, Wong WA, Hachey DL, Garcia-Logo E, and Ludwig DD. (June 27, 2012). Effects of dietary composition on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. Journal of the American Medical Association 307(24):2627-2634.

Guldbrand H, Dizdar B, Bunjaku B et al. (August 2012). In type 2 diabetes, randomization to advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet transiently improves glycaemic control compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet producing a similar weight loss. Diabetologia 55(8):2118-2127.

Saslow LR,  Kim S, Daubenmier JJ, et al. (April 9, 2014). A Randomized Pilot Trial of a Moderate Carbohydrate Diet Compared to a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight or Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Prediabetes. PLoS ONE 9(4): e91027

Bazzano LA, Hu T, Reynolds K, et al. (September 2, 2014). Effects of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets: A Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 161(5):309-318.



Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial for Heart Health - OmniHeart Randomized Trial

Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Carey VJ, et al. (November 16, 2005). Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the OmniHeart randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 294:2455-2464.

Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial

Howard BV, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, et al. (January 4, 2006). Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Weight Change Over 7 Years. Journal of the American Medical Association 295(1):39-49.

Howard BV, Van Horn L, Hsia J, et al. (February 8, 2006). Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 295(6):655-666.

A to Z Study

Gardner, Christopher et al. (March 7, 2007). Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN Diets for Change in Weight and Related Risk Factors Among Overweight Premenopausal Women – The A TO Z Weight Loss Study: A Randomized Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 297(9):969-977.

Stanford. (January 17, 2008). The Battle of the Diets: Is Anyone Winning (At Losing?). Presentation by Christopher Gardner for the Stanford School of Medicine Medcast Lecture Series. [Video].

Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial  - DIRECT Study

Shai, Iris et al. (July 17, 2008). Weight Loss with a Low-Carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or Low-Fat Diet. New England Journal of Medicine  359:229-241.

Schwartzfuchs, Dan et al. (October 4, 2012). Four-Year Follow-up after Two-Year Dietary Interventions. New England Journal of Medicine 367:1373-1374.

Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies - POUNDS LOST Study

Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, et al. (February 26, 2009). Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. New England Journal of Medicine 360:859-873.

Eco-Atkins Weight Loss Trial

Jenkins DJ, Wong JM, Kendall CW, et al. (June 8, 2009). The effect of a plant-based low-carbohydrate (“Eco-Atkins”) diet on body weight and blood lipid concentrations in hyperlipidemic subjects. Archives of Internal Medicine 169:1046-1054.

National Institutes of Health Funded Temple University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Colorado, Washington University Study

Foster, Gary D. et al. (August 3, 2010). Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 153(3):147-157.

Diet, Obesity, and Genes Project - Diogenes Studies

Larsen TM, Dalskov SM, van Baak M, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AF, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kunešová M, Pihlsgård M, Stender S, Holst C, Saris WH, Astrup A. (November 25, 2010). Diets with high or low protein content and glycemic index for weight-loss maintenance. New England Journal of Medicine 363(22):2102-2113.

Papadaki A, Linardakis M, Larsen TM, van Baak MA, Lindroos AK, Pfeiffer AF, Martinez JA, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Kunesová M, Holst C, Astrup A, Saris WH, Kafatos A. (November 1, 2010). The effect of protein and glycemic index on children’s body composition: the DiOGenes randomized study. Pediatrics 126(5):e1143-52.

Paleo Diet / Ancestral Diet Studies

Frassetto LA, Schloetter M, Mietus-Synder M, Morris RC, Jr., Sebastian A. (2009). Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, hunter-gatherer type diet.  European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 63:947–955.

Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Ahrén B, Branell UC, Pålsson G, Hansson A, Söderström M, Lindeberg S. (2009). Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 8:35.

Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Ahrén B, Lindeberg S. (November 30, 2010). A Paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischemic heart disease. Nutrition and Metabolism 7(1):85.

Lindeberg S, Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Borgstrand E, Soffman J, Sjostrom K, Ahrén B. (2007). A Palaeolithic diet improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease. Diabetologia 50(9):1795-1807.

O’Dea, K. (1984). Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic Australian aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle. Diabetes 33(6):596-603.

Osterdahl M, Kocturk T, Koochek A, Wandell PE. (2008). Effects of a short-term intervention with a paleolithic diet in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62(5):682-685.


Observational Studies

Halton TL, Willett WC, Liu S, et al. (November 9, 2006). Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine 355:1991-2002.

Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Orfanos P, et al. (November 29, 2006). Low-carbohydrate–high-protein diet and long-term survival in a general population cohort. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61:575–581.

Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews

Nordmann AJ, Suter-Zimmermann K, Bucher HC, Shai I, Tuttle KR, Estruch R, Briel M. (2011). Meta-analysis comparing Mediterranean to low-fat diets for modification of cardiovascular risk factors. American Journal of Medicine 124(9):841-851.

Santos, F. L., Esteves, S. S., da Costa Pereira, A., Yancy Jr, W. S. and Nunes, J. P. L. (2012). Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obesity Reviews 13:1048–1066.

Hu T, Mills KT, Yao L, Demanelis K, Eloustaz M, Yancy WS Jr, Kelly TN, He J, Bazzano LA. (October 1, 2012). Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. American Journal of Epidemiology 176(Suppl 7):S44-S54.

Ajala O, English P, Pinkney J. (2013). Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97(3): 505-516.

Bradley JC, Kanters S, Bandayrel K, et al. (September 3, 2014). Comparison of Weight Loss Among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 312(9):923-933.

Articles

Cordain, Loren, Maelán Fontes Villalba and Pedro Carrera Bastos. (2011). Rebuttal to U.S. News and World Top 20 Diets. www.robbwolf.com.